Groundwater is the primary source of potable water as well as agriculture worldwide. In semi-arid regions, human activities and natural processes have caused an increase in fluoride and nitrate concentrations in most groundwater reservoirs in recent years. The primary goal of the research is to investigate the health impacts of fluoride and nitrate pollution on humans in semi-arid zones of Anantapur district, A.P., India. Thirty groundwater samples were obtained from bore and dug wells and appraised for physicochemical characteristics. The analysis found that 10% of the samples were above the satisfactory F− level (< 1.5), while 100% of the samples surpassed the allowable NO3− limit (< 45). This suggests drinking groundwater with high F− and NO3− levels could harm health. Based on the WQI values, which ranged from 71.03 to 171 mg/L, only 20% of the groundwater samples are safe to drink, while the other 80% are unsafe owing to groundwater abuse, direct sewage release, and agricultural influence. Based on PIG indicated that 23% of the samples were in the low contamination category, 47% were in the moderate pollution category, and 30% were in the high contamination category. The HQ and THI were calculated using USEPA, Surface water standards and guidance, Water quality standards handbook, 2014 guidelines to evaluate potential health hazards. The non-carcinogenic health danger results unveiled that the hazard was greater in infants and children than in adults in the study region, ranging from 1.4 to 3.31 for adults, 1.4 to 3.33 for children, and 1.42 to 3.36 for infants. Hence, the primary contributor to health risks in the research area may be water consumption with high fluoride and nitrate concentrations. Furthermore, according to the THI, all samples are above the permitted level (< 1) for adults, children, and infants. Therefore, filters for contaminants and rainwater harvesting are recommended to decrease the area's health risk.