Groundwater supplies potable water, particularly in arid and semi-arid regions of the Earth. It is an essential component of the ecological and geological environment, directly influencing human life. While a certain concentration of heavy metals in groundwaters is essential for human metabolism, the excessive consumption of these metals might pose a risk to human health if their concentration is beyond a specific threshold. Exposure to high concentrations of heavy metals can lead to severe neurological disorders and potentially death, following their ability to cause a range of harmful health implications that have attracted global attention. Heavy metal contamination of groundwater frequently evades detection and remains concealed from the public. However, this issue has received significant international attention in recent years, as alarming reports from multiple agencies have highlighted the widespread distribution of heavy metals in groundwater. Considering the increasing significance of examining the potential health risks linked to heavy metals, this chapter reviews groundwater pollution, including sources, associated health risk implications and assessment. Strategic planning and comprehensive management practices are recommended to effectively address the human-health implications of heavy metals in groundwater.