Climate change and anthropogenic activities are significantly impacting groundwater resources, resulting in depletion and posing challenges to water sustainability globally. These changes influence aquifers through altered groundwater recharge patterns, shifts in soil biogeochemical processes, and modifications in land use practices, both direct and indirect. This study addresses a critical gap in current literature by thoroughly investigating the impacts of climate change on groundwater quality and stability. The primary objective of this research is to comprehensively understand hydrogeological systems’ vulnerability to climate change across multiple scales. It seeks to bridge existing knowledge gaps by exploring the complex interactions between climate change events and dynamics of groundwater contamination. Through a meticulous review and synthesis of relevant literature on potential hazards associated with groundwater pollution, this study aims to provide robust assessments of climate change impacts on groundwater quality. Furthermore, the study examines how changes in land use patterns driven by climate change may exacerbate groundwater pollution issues. By conducting a detailed analysis of pertinent scholarly publications and offering scientifically informed policy recommendations, this research contributes to enhancing our understanding and management of water quality challenges in a changing climate.