Most of the population depends on groundwater to fulfill various needs in developing countries. In developing nations like India, groundwater contamination from geological and anthropogenic sources has become one of the main issues. In many Indian states, incidences of groundwater contamination have been reported in past years. Therefore, it is necessary to comprehensively know the sources of the contaminant, categories of contaminants, cause of contamination, the affected area and reported health issues in India. So that corrective measures can be taken to deal with the issue. The present study has reviewed the reported groundwater contamination issues in different parts of India. The study also systematically reviewed the sources of contamination, categories of the contaminant and its associated health impacts, and reported health problems and risks in India due to groundwater contamination. Further, the study has summarised the current initiative taken by the government to tackle the situation. Groundwater exceeded the concentration of fluoride, heavy metals, nitrate, and iron in different locations of India due to geogenic and anthropogenic sources. Significant health problems and risks have been identified among people consuming contaminated groundwater in affected areas.