The spatial imbalance in water resources distribution and conflicts in water allocation significantly impact the socioeconomic progression of Zhangzhou City, located in Fujian Province, China. This study proposes a novel approach employing Type-2 Fuzzy Multi-Objective Programming Model (T2FMOPM) to strategically plan the water resource system in Zhangzhou City. Predictive modeling of water resources data for the next ten years in Zhangzhou City was achieved using the Back Propagation Neural Network (BPNN) method. This study optimized the allocation of water resources among different sectors in Zhangzhou City to alleviate the pressure on the water supply. The developed model addresses uncertainties inherent in the water resources system while accommodating diverse participant interests, encompassing economic and environmental considerations. The economic benefit objective was achieved by increasing the net benefits of water supply, and the environmental benefit objective was realized through the reduction of wastewater CODcr discharge. Various scenarios were elaborately designed across distinct planning periods, each reflecting varying satisfaction levels of decision makers (DMs). The analyses conducted using the T2FMOP model clarify that scenario-based results contribute to enhancing economic efficiency while simultaneously maximizing environmental benefits. The results indicated the feasibility of restructuring the water distribution framework in Zhangzhou City, fostering the growth of the secondary industry to propel economic advancement. An analysis of the water distribution scheme resulting from the model’s results showed that the model reduced water consumption by 5.5 percent while ensuring economic efficiency. This favors environmental and economic co-development. Furthermore, this study establishes a clear correlation between water resource allocation and its direct impact on both economic and environmental benefits. The insights gleaned serve as a valuable reference for resolving water resource programming challenges, offering crucial guidance for sustainable water management practices in Zhangzhou City.