In response to the problems of poor operational stability and large measurement errors in existing exploration methods, autonomous guidance control technology is introduced to carry out research on the application of unmanned underwater vehicles (UUVs) in marine resource exploration. A three-dimensional nonlinear model for marine resource exploration is established based on the basic needs of marine resource exploration. Through autonomous guidance, the control of UUVs is achieved. Exploration is carried out through wireless coupling signal transmission in the ocean and in-situ detection of anomalies in physical and chemical quantities of marine resources. Comparative experiments have proven that the new exploration method can effectively improve the operational stability of the submersible in practical applications and ensure the accuracy of exploration measurements.