As populations across Europe age, extending working lives has become a central objective of labor market and pension reforms. While approaching retirement age, older workers may face significant challenges. In addition to demographic shifts, globalization has reshaped European labor markets and has challenged long-standing employment norms. A “new world of work” is emerging in which non-standard employment is on the rise. This chapter adopts a typology-based perspective to examine the heterogeneity of precarious employment during the late career phase. The core premise is that the working lives of older individuals are far from uniform. While some older workers find themselves in jobs characterized by precarious employment conditions, they may nonetheless derive a sense of purpose, autonomy, or personal growth from their work. Others, however, occupy positions marked by both poor employment quality and unfavorable intrinsic job characteristics. Particular attention is paid to those in so-called “double precariousness” where both dimensions of job quality—extrinsic and intrinsic—are deficient. Crucially, the likelihood of entering such employment is not random but shaped by cumulative socio-economic disadvantage, prior employment trajectories, and broader structural factors. The chapter therefore seeks to explore the interrelation between precarious employment conditions and intrinsic job characteristics, and how these experiences intersect with key life course dimensions such as gender, education, employment histories, and unpaid care responsibilities.

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Job Quality Among Precariously Employed Older Workers

  • Max Rohrbacher

摘要

As populations across Europe age, extending working lives has become a central objective of labor market and pension reforms. While approaching retirement age, older workers may face significant challenges. In addition to demographic shifts, globalization has reshaped European labor markets and has challenged long-standing employment norms. A “new world of work” is emerging in which non-standard employment is on the rise. This chapter adopts a typology-based perspective to examine the heterogeneity of precarious employment during the late career phase. The core premise is that the working lives of older individuals are far from uniform. While some older workers find themselves in jobs characterized by precarious employment conditions, they may nonetheless derive a sense of purpose, autonomy, or personal growth from their work. Others, however, occupy positions marked by both poor employment quality and unfavorable intrinsic job characteristics. Particular attention is paid to those in so-called “double precariousness” where both dimensions of job quality—extrinsic and intrinsic—are deficient. Crucially, the likelihood of entering such employment is not random but shaped by cumulative socio-economic disadvantage, prior employment trajectories, and broader structural factors. The chapter therefore seeks to explore the interrelation between precarious employment conditions and intrinsic job characteristics, and how these experiences intersect with key life course dimensions such as gender, education, employment histories, and unpaid care responsibilities.