As a low-lying and waterlogging-prone area within the plain river network and along rivers and lakes, the farmland in polder regions frequently causes nitrogen and phosphorus pollution. Pollution with nitrogen and phosphorus can cause eutrophication, black-odorous water, and other issues with the water environment. This paper reviews the research progress of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution control technologies in agricultural drainage within polder areas, concentrating on bioremediation technologies such as phytoremediation, microbial remediation, and ecological engineering control technologies such as ecological ditches and constructed wetlands. Based on the characteristics of polder areas, the advantages and disadvantages of the current treatment technologies were analyzed and summarized, and suggestions were provided for the control of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in agricultural drainage in polder areas in order to offer references for the control of nitrogen and phosphorus pollution in polder regions.