The glossopharyngeal nerve (GPN), originating from the medulla oblongata, plays a crucial role in carrying sensory, efferent motor, and preganglionic parasympathetic fibers. Clinical indications for GPN block range from diagnostic assessments for glossopharyngeal neuralgia to therapeutic interventions addressing various oropharyngeal and upper airway conditions. Glossopharyngeal neuralgia, a rare chronic pain syndrome affecting the GPN’s sensory distribution, is characterized by severe, episodic pain in the ear, tongue base, tonsillar fossa, or jaw angle. The incidence, clinical presentation, and potential cardiac involvement are discussed, emphasizing the challenges in distinguishing it from trigeminal neuralgia. Various techniques for GPN block are explored, with a focus on ultrasound-guided approaches. Complications related to GPN block, including vascular injury, hematoma, dysphagia, dysphonia, and circulatory effects, are thoroughly examined. Recommendations for minimizing risks and ensuring patient safety during the procedure are outlined, emphasizing the importance of careful execution and post-procedural monitoring.