This research examines the socio-economic challenges faced by tribes in India, focusing on land distribution patterns and network structures. It highlights the importance of land for tribal communities and the impact of globalisation and liberalisation policies on issues such as poverty, health, education, and exploitation. The study proposes a methodology that analyses land distribution patterns within tribal families and utilises graph theory models to study diverse networks representing tribes in different areas. By understanding the behaviour and characteristics of these groups, the research aims to extract valuable insights for effective problem-solving. It also explores the implementation of government schemes in tribal areas while considering the preservation of government lands. The findings emphasise the significance of comprehending land ownership patterns and network structures in formulating suitable strategies for tribal development. The study contributes to a better understanding of the challenges faced by tribes. It underscores the roles of leadership, traditional conflict resolution methods, and government support in enhancing the socio-economic conditions of tribal communities.