Hermeneutics and Medical Practice
摘要
An aging Martin Heidegger reemphasized in his 1966 book Discourse on Thinking the tension between two quite different modes of thinking—both typical of the human mind and intellect. One mode he termed “calculative thinking,” which is a conscious, intentional, and methodical deliberation of consequences and probabilities, and of opportunities. This thinking calculates utility by estimating the usability, cost, and value of things. Moreover, calculative thinking is, according to Heidegger, an objectifying thinking and as such, an intended disinterested pursuit of facts. It is a style of thinking that, as John D. Caputo puts it, and in agreement with Heidegger, characterizes the mathematical-technical sciences and modern technical philosophy. It is the thinking typical of our age. “For the present age stands dedicated to a technical understanding of reality and to the control of reality which this makes possible,” Caputo writes. The abstracting ability of mind is also the ability to take a step back from the concreteness of affairs with disinterest. The intellectual philosopher, physicist, or medical clinician will nevertheless have to struggle in order to keep their disinterested and detached gaze. The hurdle is to detach from personal, group, or organizational motives, interests, and needs defining the specific context of philosophical research or scientific practice. The rational philosopher, physician, or engineer, emphasizing calculative thinking, seems to share an assumption that one can subdue the influence of “subjective inputs” if one immerses oneself in the deliberative process of critical examination and subsequent exchange of information in order to inform their agreed-upon decisions.