Data from well-designed OSCEs help educators identify trainees with gaps in their core clinical skills. A consensus on effective remediation strategies for individuals who perform poorly is developing [1–3]. Experts stress that it is important to clearly delineate the implications and consequences of learner failure in any performance assessment [4, 5] and assert that successful remediation requires approaches tailored to identified deficits [6]. Effective remediation should be guided by data valid for this purpose. By definition, learner remediation then must have a reasonable chance of leading to an improvement in clinical competence [7]. In this chapter we break the  remediation process down into six manageable steps and describe how important it is that learners develop the capacity to accurately self-assess and self-regulate learning in order to  engage meaningfully in and gain life-long. benefit from remediation.