Listwise rerankers based on large language models (LLMs) are the zero-shot state of the art. However, current work in this direction all depend on GPT models, making them a single point of failure in scientific reproducibility. In this work, we lift this pre-condition and build effective listwise rerankers without any form of dependency on GPT for the first time. Our passage retrieval experiments show that our best listwise reranker surpasses the listwise rerankers based on GPT-3.5 by 13% and achieves 97% effectiveness of the ones based on GPT-4. Our results also show that the existing training datasets, which were expressly constructed for pointwise ranking, are insufficient for building such listwise rerankers. Instead, high-quality listwise ranking data is required and crucial, calling for further work on building human-annotated listwise data resources.

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Rank-Without-GPT: Building GPT-Independent Listwise Rerankers on Open-Source Large Language Models

  • Crystina Zhang,
  • Sebastian Hofstätter,
  • Patrick Lewis,
  • Raphael Tang,
  • Jimmy Lin

摘要

Listwise rerankers based on large language models (LLMs) are the zero-shot state of the art. However, current work in this direction all depend on GPT models, making them a single point of failure in scientific reproducibility. In this work, we lift this pre-condition and build effective listwise rerankers without any form of dependency on GPT for the first time. Our passage retrieval experiments show that our best listwise reranker surpasses the listwise rerankers based on GPT-3.5 by 13% and achieves 97% effectiveness of the ones based on GPT-4. Our results also show that the existing training datasets, which were expressly constructed for pointwise ranking, are insufficient for building such listwise rerankers. Instead, high-quality listwise ranking data is required and crucial, calling for further work on building human-annotated listwise data resources.