The Italian intellectual and academic scene has been a lively site for the development of meta-scientific reflections. Many works have explored the intersections of epistemology and the history of science, developing integrated reflections on them. Moreover, in recent years, various attempts have been made to legitimize certain individual thinkers or Italian historical-philosophical currents within debates on historical epistemology. These appendices extend this research by proposing the first formalization of a hypothetical, specifically Italian canon in historical epistemology. My objectives are as follows: (1) to call attention to some of the main contributions in this context; (2) to show how, in various cases, they have been interconnected with international debates; and (3) to foreground how Italian contributions to historical epistemology have been characterized by political connotations. Within Italian historical-philosophical production, the study of the sciences from both historical and epistemological perspectives has been hindered by the enormous legacy of Benedetto Croce’s thought. Indeed, precisely in reactions to the Italian tradition of historicism and neo-idealism have the roots of Italian historical epistemology been found. I propose a path that, starting from Federigo Enriques and passing through Antonio Gramsci, Ludovico Geymonat, Giulio Preti, Galvano della Volpe, Paolo Rossi, and Aldo Giorgio Gargani, arrives at the hotly contested debates of the so-called Italian Science Wars of the 1970s regarding the neutrality or non-neutrality of scientific knowledge.