Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T-cell therapies have garnered attention as promising approaches for treating hematological malignancies. The remarkable success in relapsed/refractory (r/r) B-cell malignancies, specifically leukemia, lymphoma, and multiple myeloma (MM), has propelled CAR-T-cell therapy into the spotlight. Targeting molecules such as CD19 and B-cell maturation antigen (BCMA) has led to durable complete remission (CR) and a notably high objective response rate (ORR) in certain hematological malignancies. These unprecedented outcomes have spurred exploration of novel therapeutic targets for immunotherapy applications. Despite positive results in B-cell lymphoma and acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL), the treatment of other malignant blood disorders, such as acute myeloid leukemia (AML), remains challenging. Furthermore, the broader application of CAR-T-cell therapy is hindered by adverse effects, including cytokine release syndrome (CRS), cytopenia, infections, and nervous system complications. Addressing these challenges is crucial for expanding the use of CAR-T-cell therapy for various hematological malignancies. The present chapter delves into existing CAR-T-cell therapies designed for hematological malignancies and explores potential targets for CAR-T-cell therapy in the context of hematological malignancies.