This chapter focuses on the process of transcript understanding, specifically intent discovery and named entity recognition in transcripts of spontaneous speech. Intent discovery involves identifying the speaker’s intention or purpose behind their utterances. By categorizing intents, we can gain valuable insights into the speakers’ motivations and objectives. Named entity recognition also plays an important role in transcript understanding. It involves identifying and classifying named entities such as names of people, organizations, locations, dates, and other significant entities mentioned in the transcript. Parts of the chapter are adapted from our previous works led by Piotr Żelasko [53] and Piotr Szymański [41].