The tribovoltaic nanogenerator (TVNG), as an innovative energy conversion device, has demonstrated great application potential in areas such as mechanical components, multi-source energy harvesting, intelligent flexible devices, and self-powered sensing systems in recent years. In mechanical components, the TVNG converts mechanical vibration and frictional energy into electrical energy, enhancing the energy efficiency and self-driving capabilities of traditional mechanical systems. In multi-source energy harvesting, the TVNG effectively integrates various forms of energy (such as mechanical, thermal, and light energy) and, through coupling with other energy conversion mechanisms (like the tribo-thermoelectric effect), significantly improves energy conversion efficiency, promoting the development of sustainable energy technologies. In intelligent flexible devices, the TVNG, with its flexible design and high current density, enables smart wearable devices to power themselves through human motion, achieving battery-free operation and enhancing the devices’ flexibility and portability. In self-powered sensing systems, the direct current signal from the TVNG can reflect various operational and environmental parameters, making it suitable for real-time sensing. This provides efficient and reliable solutions for fields such as intelligent environmental monitoring, health monitoring, and industrial automation. These applications not only demonstrate the broad adaptability and high efficiency of the tribovoltaic effect across different scenarios but also guide the development of future intelligent systems and new energy technologies.