This chapter reviews literature on types of gentrifications, the mechanisms through which they are hypothesized to be associated with health, and their operationalization and components, using a social determinants of health framework. Findings are highly variable across methodologies, context, and groups. We pay particular attention to urban–rural differences. To that end, we examined the extent of gentrification in metropolitan and nonmetropolitan counties and average levels of mental distress among adults in gentrifiable communities that did and did not gentrify and found considerable variation. We conclude with policy implications and directions for future research.