This chapter comprehensively selects ten representative countries and regions that are pivotal in global energy production and consumption and that possess significant influence and authority in global energy governance. The countries and regions selected are China, the United States, the European Union, Russia, Australia, Canada, Saudi Arabia, Japan, South Korea, and India. This selection takes into account factors such as their respective impacts on global energy dynamics. The chapter systematically traces the dynamic evolution and key periodic characteristics of each nation’s energy strategy. This analysis considers various international situational changes (such as international energy crises and geopolitical emergencies) and domestic conditions (including different developmental stages of the nations and differing positions and propositions of political parties across these stages). For instance, the five main stages of China’s energy strategy demonstrate the country’s response to economic growth and changes in energy demands over different periods. The energy strategy of the United States, delineated into six primary stages, reflects the transition from energy dependency to energy independence, and currently to a position of energy dominance. In the context of scarce energy resources and complex geopolitical situations, the European Union’s energy strategy has undergone six major stages of gradual transformation and deepening. Russia’s energy strategy, outlined in four major stages, focuses on market reorientation, resource sovereignty enhancement, and geopolitical strategic layout, highlighting a strong security-driven logic. Other resource-rich countries such as Australia, Canada, and Saudi Arabia, along with relatively resource-poor countries like Japan, South Korea, and India, have seen their energy strategies evolve through five or six stages. These strategies transition from conventional energy development to low-carbon transformations or from dependency on resources to sustainable green and low-carbon development. Furthermore, the chapter redefines several major strategic phases for different countries’ energy strategies and provides a detailed exposition of these phases.