Examining patents in the pharmaceutical and biotech industries is vital in encouraging innovation, protecting investments, and driving advances in healthcare and biotechnology. This chapter explores patent evaluation through the lens of emerging modalities such as personalized medicine, telemedicine, gene editing, digital therapeutics, bioprinting, and RNA technologies. The chapter emphasizes the critical need for flexible approaches to valuation, strategic management of IP, and novel research directions needed to traverse this rapidly evolving environment and its associated challenges.