Attribute Framing and Decision Making: An Expanded Typology
摘要
We build this chapter on the influential research of Tversky and Kahneman, which showed that decision makingDecision making is not only driven by objective information but also by psychological biases and heuristicsHeuristics. One pervasive source of bias is framing, which can occur when the same objective information is conveyed in either positive or negative terms. We extend earlier work that denoted three categories of framing effectsFraming effects: risky choice framingRisky choice framing, goal framingGoal framing, and attribute framing. Our primary emphasis in this chapter is on the latter category because of its commonality in everyday judgments and decisions. We review potential psychological mechanisms for attribute framing effects and explore their affective and cognitive bases, incorporating insights provided by decision neuroscienceNeuroscience. In addition, we extend the operational definition of attribute framing to include numerical frames that have the same valence as well as semantically-similar labels. We conclude by calling for more research using these expanded types of attribute framing effectsFraming effects to better understand the sources of decision biases.