This chapter provides an outline of presentation slides, facilitator notations, and resources for Module 4 of the full-day training curriculum. Although the prevalence of criminal thinking and its association with criminal activity or institutional misconduct has largely shown to generalize across various justice-involved populations, Module 4 recognizes that certain subgroups warrant additional consideration. Content focuses on several specific populations (i.e., those with serious mental illness, cognitive/neurological impairment, youth, and women) for whom criminal thinking may be uniquely expressed and for which effective responding depends on a more nuanced knowledge of the research. Trainees learn to recognize less obvious signs of criminal thinking among these groups and respond to expressions of criminal thinking with sensitivity to group-based responsivity factors. Across subgroups (even those not explicitly covered in the training), Module 4 emphasizes that, even when there are genuine external factors that can be used to justify the way someone thinks or behaves, some degree of responsibility for their current situation and how they respond to that situation can be taken.