Soil stands as the sole nonrenewable resource on which all living organisms, including humans, rely for essential services. In ancient times, without population stress, soil fertility naturally developed through the disintegration and decomposition of rocks and minerals, supplying nutrition to various living beings through crop production. However, in the current scenario, the soil’s supporting capacity diminishes over time due to the overexploitation to meet the demands of a growing population. There is a prevailing emphasis on crop production over sustainability. A pivotal moment in agriculture’s evolution was the Green Revolution, utilizing high-yielding variety (HYV) seeds, tractors, irrigation facilities, pesticides, and fertilizers to maximize crop yields. However, the continuous use of agrochemicals, coupled with the exhaustive nature of HYV during the Green Revolution, led to soil health deterioration. Essential soil physical properties like structure stability, bulk density, infiltration rate, and hydraulic conductivity were significantly impacted, resulting in pronounced flooding and soil erosion. The vital organic matter, a cornerstone of healthy soil, decreased due to overexploitation through conventional tillage operations. This degradation also adversely affected the microbial diversity of the soil, impacting its productive capacity. Recognizing these trends in soil health deterioration, various researchers have predicted further degradation in the future, influencing crop production and jeopardizing the country’s food security, reminiscent of widespread famine during the independence period. However, adopting a sustainable approach to crop production, including scientific technology, can alter this trajectory. Practices such as climate smart agriculture, implemented in many developed countries, are already forecasted to enhance soil health and environmental sustainability. The imposition of various CSA practices, individually or in combination, has the potential to redirect the trajectory toward agriculture and environmental sustainability, averting the threat of famine.