A significant portion of the world’s population, around 3.4 billion, lives in rural communities, particularly in India, which has around 0.9 billion rural residents. For these communities, access to water resources is essential for daily life, agriculture, and economic activities. Governments at both state and central levels are increasingly advocating sustainable water management practices. This includes encouraging the use of water bodies for sustainable inland aquaculture, or fish farming, as a way to diversify livelihoods and improve food security. It is crucial to decipher the social dimension of inland aquaculture in these communities. Water is often shared for multiple purposes, such as drinking, irrigation, and commercial activities. Rural areas typically have limited water resources, such as small ponds, lakes, or rivers. Some of these resources may even be part of protected areas. This chapter highlights the key aspects of inland aquaculture in rural communities, including its contribution and benefits, its impact on water resources based on its effects on water usage and availability, particularly considering the limitations imposed by climate change. This chapter provide comprehensive information on the social dynamics surrounding inland aquaculture in rural areas. This knowledge can inform strategies to help sustainable practices and maximizing benefits for both communities and the environment.