Surgical Interventions and Emerging Procedures in Pain Medicine
摘要
Interventional has expanded into including a variety of neuromodulation techniques, structural spine interventions, and vertebral augmentation. Neuromodulation has encompassed a vast range of interventions including spinal cord stimulation, intrathecal drug delivery systems, peripheral nerve stimulation, and dorsal root ganglion stimulator. Each of these techniques have specific indications and contraindications that need to be considered before implanting and trialing in patients. Furthermore, interventional pain has developed structural spine techniques for patients who are poor candidates for traditional spine surgery including minimally invasive lumbar decompression, interspinous spacers, and sacroiliac joint fusions. Finally vertebral access for vertebral augmentation and basivertebral ablations is another growing interventional technique.