This research takes the pilot work of supply chain innovation and application as a quasi-natural experiment, based on the data of Chinese A-share listed companies from 2012 to 2023, empirically examines the impact of supply chain digitization on enterprise performance and the intermediary mechanism by using the double-difference propensity score matching method, and predicts the future performance of randomly selected enterprises by establishing the BP neural network prediction model. The results of the study show that: supply chain digitization can improve the performance level of enterprises; supply chain digitization improves enterprise performance through two intermediary mechanisms, namely, enhancing enterprise innovation ability and reducing transaction costs; and the future performance of the selected enterprises shows a positive development. The research in this research not only verifies that supply chain digitalization transformation contributes to the development of enterprise performance, but also provides lessons for other enterprises that want to carry out supply chain digitalization transformation.