Technological advances are revolutionizing how we monitor, protect, and understand the ocean under the growing threats of climate change, pollution, and habitat loss. Satellite imagery and autonomous platforms (like Argo floats, underwater gliders, and drones) deliver real-time, large-scale data on environmental parameters and illegal activities. Meanwhile, AI-driven big data analysis enables rapid identification of patterns—like species distribution shifts or vessel operations—though it relies on quality datasets and must be used responsibly. Tools such as eDNA sampling and plankton imaging sensors offer more precise biodiversity insights, complementing traditional fieldwork. However, emerging methods for carbon sequestration, including geoengineering proposals, raise complex ecological and ethical questions, underscoring the need for cautious, holistic deployment.