In this chapter detailed medical information will be presented regarding head injuries involving the scalp and calvarium, particularly those that occur during childbirth, and represent pediatric age group pathologies such as craniosynostosis that are a potential source of malpractice for all healthcare personnel, especially physicians. Basic legal information and the appropriate approaches to addressing these issues will be presented. Considering basic legal concepts such as medical negligence, informed consent, and the parents’ right to information, the important medicolegal issues related to the management of these entities that include head injuries during childbirth, craniosynostosis, positional plagiocephaly, and hair transplantation will also be discussed. Medicolegally, it is highly important that all healthcare personnel including physicians recognize and appreciate that any negligent act or lack of care in such a clinical situation can lead to an allegation of malpractice regarding the management of patients with various lesions involving the scalp and calvarium.