This chapter explores the complex issue of animal suffering and how it is addressed within the framework of Islamic theology. It begins by highlighting how pre-modern Muslim thinkers constructed the problem. Thereafter, the chapter includes an examination of the Qur’ānic perspective on animals, emphasizing their status as ‘communities like you’ and their intrinsic value and purpose in the divine scheme for the world. Islamic teachings of the Prophet Muhammad, rooted in compassion and justice, extend ethical considerations to animals, recognizing their rights and welfare. The chapter delves into various Islamic theological responses to the problem of animal suffering, drawing mainly on classical Muslim sources. It discusses how various Muslim scholars approached the issue, proposing that animal suffering can be understood and explained from a variety of perspectives. The chapter also examines how Islamic jurisprudence incorporates these theological principles to advocate for humane treatment and welfare of animals. By integrating scriptural exegesis with philosophical and legal discourses, the chapter aims to present a comprehensive account of Islamic theodicies that address animal suffering, highlighting its potential contributions to broader ethical and environmental debates. This analysis underscores the richness of Islamic thought in providing nuanced and compassionate approaches to one of the most challenging issues in the fields of both animal ethics and religious theodicy.