This paper proposes animism as an epistemological strategy for analyzing digital religious practices in immersive virtual environments. Drawing on media studies, digital religion, phenomenology, posthumanism, and cultural anthropology, it reconceptualizes digital objects and spaces as “other-than-human” agents that co-create spiritual experiences, rather than merely serving as neutral tools. Through the case study of the Neopagan community Pagans in VR on VRChat, the paper demonstrates how immersive virtual Affiliationids : Aff1, Correspondingaffiliationid : Aff1 worlds actively collaborate in ritual performances, reshaping our conception of the digital as environments that users not only inhabit but also live within. Such intimate engagements with computer technology transcend mechanistic views and instead invite dialogic interactions with ‘the machine’. Therefore, this research argues that practitioners who engage in creative and embodied interactions with virtual worlds—such as creating sacred spaces or sensing group energy through avatars—manifestdigital animistic sensibilities.

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Neo-Animism and Digital Religion: Exploring Entanglements in Online Neopagan Rituals with the Other-Than-Human

  • Victoria Dos Santos

摘要

This paper proposes animism as an epistemological strategy for analyzing digital religious practices in immersive virtual environments. Drawing on media studies, digital religion, phenomenology, posthumanism, and cultural anthropology, it reconceptualizes digital objects and spaces as “other-than-human” agents that co-create spiritual experiences, rather than merely serving as neutral tools. Through the case study of the Neopagan community Pagans in VR on VRChat, the paper demonstrates how immersive virtual Affiliationids : Aff1, Correspondingaffiliationid : Aff1 worlds actively collaborate in ritual performances, reshaping our conception of the digital as environments that users not only inhabit but also live within. Such intimate engagements with computer technology transcend mechanistic views and instead invite dialogic interactions with ‘the machine’. Therefore, this research argues that practitioners who engage in creative and embodied interactions with virtual worlds—such as creating sacred spaces or sensing group energy through avatars—manifestdigital animistic sensibilities.