This chapter examines the evolution of explicit family policies, including child-related leave, child benefits, and early childhood education and care (ECEC), in advanced democracies and Latin American countries since 1900. It reviews the comparative historical literature on family policy development in both contexts. In advanced democracies, paid leave has shifted towards gender equality, with expanded parental and paternity leave, while in Latin America, leave policies remain largely maternalistic. Child benefits, once tied to employment in advanced democracies, now focus on fiscal redistribution, while Latin America has expanded CCTs to reduce poverty. ECEC has seen universalization in advanced democracies, yielding highly stratified outcomes, whereas Latin America has witnessed fragmented expansion reflecting persistent gender and class inequalities. The chapter critically examines the limits to achieving gender equality through family policy expansion in contexts of large informal or increasingly dualized labor markets. The chapter concludes with deeper insights about Latin American countries drawn from the broader comparison.