Urban solid waste collection poses significant ergonomic risks, particularly in developing countries. This study evaluated the workload of waste collection crews in Medellín, Colombia, focusing on metabolic consumption, postural load, and perceived effort. Three crews using different waste collection methods (bins and bags, ground collection, and mobile containers) were selected, each consisting of one driver and two collectors. Video recordings were used to define work cycles and estimate metabolic consumption following ISO 8996:2021. Postural load was assessed using the OWAS method, while the BORG-10 scale was applied to measure perceived effort among 21 collectors. The results revealed variability in workload depending on the collection method, though all fell within the moderate activity range (150–350 kcal/h). Crew 2 showed the highest energy expenditure (263.8 kcal/h) and postural load, with 60% of postures in OWAS category 4. In contrast, Crew 3, handling mobile containers, had the lowest energy and postural demands. A significant portion of workers (71%) rated the tasks as highly demanding on the Borg-10 scale. The findings indicate that workload varies based on the collection method, with the most critical case involving crews that collect waste from the ground. The preferred scenario involves the use of mobile containers and container-handling trucks. Measures such as rotating crews and employing back exoskeletons could help mitigate musculoskeletal risks.