Aging is a biologically programmed process in which the functions of cells and organs deteriorate over time and is closely associated with the development of various age-related diseases; therefore, overcoming aging is important for achieving a healthy longevity. Autophagy is a mechanism that maintains intracellular homeostasis by degrading and recycling intracellular macromolecules and organelles in lysosomes, and recent studies have revealed that “disabled autophagy” is one of the hallmarks of aging. This chapter first outlines the mechanisms by which disabled autophagy occurs with aging, and then describes the impact of autophagy regulation on lifespan and health span based on the latest findings. Second, the molecular mechanisms by which autophagy extends lifespan and healthy life expectancy will be reviewed, broadly classifying them into (1) lifespan extension mechanism by selective autophagy and (2) mechanism to suppress inflammaging by autophagy. Third, the recently revealed organ-specific autophagy and non-canonical autophagy in the suppression of aging will be outlined. Finally, we would like to discuss the possibility of anti-aging therapy through autophagy regulation and future challenges.