Luigi Casale’s[aut]Casale, Luigi first major success was the sale in 1921 of an operating license for his synthetic ammonia process to a Japanese entrepreneur, Shitagau Noguchi[aut]Noguchi, Shitagau, whose factory, at Nobeoka, was commissioned in late 1923. Hydrogen was produced by electrolysis and nitrogen by the Casale method of burning of air. During the first weeks, Luigi Casale[aut]Casale, Luigi was on hand to iron out major technical problems, much to the satisfaction of his client. This established Casale’s reputation, and was followed with repeat orders. It also defined Ammonia Casale’s marketing strategy, based on licensingBadische Anilin & Soda-Fabrik (BASF)licensing and the supply of Italian-made machinery and know-how. In the late 1920s, the French government set up a large ammonia facility based on Casale technology at a former powder factory in Toulouse, mainly for production of munitions. However it was beset with several technical problems, including the French-designed gas purification process, until it was replaced by BASF gas purification equipment.