Will technological advancement be the ultimate solution to our energy challenges? In the previous two chapters, we examined the energy supply crises and the pressures for transition in energy consumption. We have reached a point where, from both bottom-up and top-down perspectives, technological progress can significantly alleviate energy supply and demand crises. From the supply side, technological advancement allows us to discover more energy reserves and deliver energy at lower prices. On the demand side, technology enhances the efficiency of devices, enabling us to accomplish more with less power consumed.