Coarse-grained models reveal the complex behavior of FNs and LLCs at macroscopic time and length scales. The free energy functionals for nematic, magnetic, and active systems are discussed, which serve as the foundation to understand interactions between the various components. The dynamical equations are specified for each component. Fixed-point solutions and linear stability analysis are discussed as tools to characterize equilibrium and steady-state behavior. Together with numerical techniques for solving coupled dynamical equations, the cohesive framework offers clear insights into these complex systems.