This chapter introduces two contemporary systems in soft matter physics: ferronematics (FNs) and living liquid crystals (LLCs). FNs are nematic liquid crystals that incorporate magnetic nanoparticles, whereas LLCs consist of nematics interspersed with active, self-propelled agents. The chapter provides a comprehensive overview of the fundamental principles that underlie these systems, emphasizing the interplay between orientational order and dynamic response. The discussion focuses on the experimental observations and distinctive features of FNs and LLCs. It sets the groundwork for exploring the rich dynamical behavior and emergent properties of these complex materials.