The transformation of the green agenda in new geopolitical and geo-economic conditions requires high involvement of society, government and business to form a model of sustainable development. Meanwhile, the problem of environmental safety is often considered through the prism of political economic interests and has an ideological impact. This paper continues our research in the green economy and sustainable development. The object of our study is green natural resources used in China and Belarus. The purpose of this article is to develop theoretical and methodological foundations of green natural resources use in China and Belarus in the context of national security. In the course of the research, besides general scientific methods we used a logical-historical approach to identify the historical background of adoption of decisions in economic and environmental policy, an institutional approach as well as a subject-activity approach that allows us to consider the activities of all socio-economic entities through the prism of their economic interests, and a systematic approach. The article determines theoretical and methodological foundations of green natural resources use in China and Belarus in the context of national security by developing a basic methodological determinant—a pragmatic socially oriented approach based on nationwide cooperation on the society-state-business principle with an active configuring role of the state. In practice, it is necessary to implement this approach according to the always-everywhere-wherever possible principle: always ensure the effectiveness of the real sector of the economy and national security, take into account the sociality of the economy everywhere and implement green natural resources use wherever possible. We also showed the significance and limitations of the conclusions, as well as the prospects for further research.