The article considers the theoretical and methodological foundations of ESG investing, as well as its impact on various sectors of the economy. The purpose of the study is to identify the key features of the development of ESG financing and analyze its application in modern conditions. As a result of the study, the authors determined the essence and significance of the ESG investing concept and its main components in the context of the impact on the development of economic sectors, the specifics of investing in sustainable development, taking into account the ESG principles and modern approaches. The study used the methods of content analysis, statistical data analysis, comparison, systematization, and synthesis, as well as analysis of Internet resources. As a result of the study, the main components of ESG investing and their impact on the development of various sectors of the economy were identified. The key difficulties in understanding the ESG principles and the importance of human capital in the formation of sustainable investment strategies are revealed. The experience of applying the ESG model in various countries is presented, which allows us to highlight the main trends in the field of sustainable development. The results confirm that companies adhering to the principles of sustainable investing have higher chances for innovative development and social loyalty, which ultimately leads to increased revenues.