This study explores the benefits of canine therapy for the elderly in residential care, emphasizing its physical, emotional, and social impacts. Drawing on key research, such as Serpell (1991) and Robinson (1995), the findings suggest that interacting with therapy dogs reduces anxiety, depression, and loneliness among older adults. These interactions not only boost self-esteem and physical activity but also provide residents with a sense of purpose and connection. Interviews with trainers and caregivers reveal that therapy dogs play a crucial role in fostering social cohesion and breaking daily monotony for elderly residents. However, the study also highlights significant challenges, including the lack of widespread implementation of canine therapy in Spanish care homes due to financial constraints, limited awareness, and a shortage of trained professionals. Additionally, regulatory issues concerning the certification of trainers and the inclusion of various scientific disciplines like ethology in the process remain unresolved. Despite these hurdles, the demand for innovative therapies is increasing, reflecting the changing expectations of today’s aging population. In conclusion, while canine therapy offers immense potential for improving the well-being of elderly residents, its broader adoption will require systemic changes, including policy support, increased funding, and greater institutional openness to alternative therapeutic approaches..