Naturalizing the “Unnatural” Beauty: Making Sense of the Iconic Performance of the Body in the Social Media Platform of China
摘要
Drawing from the online fitness instruction of fitness influencers on “ Bilibili.com ,” the article examines how bodily performance on Chinese social media platforms shapes and influences contemporary body aesthetics. The developments in media visual technology and virtual interaction triggered by the proliferation of social media platforms have fundamentally changed how the body is gazed at and the way individuals imagine the shape of the body. Through the analysis of textual and visual data from the top 9 rated fitness influencers from February 2020 to May 2021, the empirical aim of the paper is to examine how fitness influencers “naturalize” the body ideal, once considered “unnatural” in the Chinese context, by re-aligning two opposing discourses on the body and beauty that coexist in Chinese society and creating the “performative scripts” that legitimize the objectification of the body. Drawing on iconic theory, which takes celebrities as typical aesthetic forms that encapsulate profound meanings and purposes, the article brings in the aesthetic dimension of the body and identifies twofold bodily performative scripts used by fitness influencers, the glamorizing script and the moralizing script. The article jettisons the critical-constructivist approach in the literature that describes the commodification and objectification of the body as a process of de-meaning and exploitation. Instead, the paper advocates a cultural sociological perspective that takes the marketing and commodification of the body as a meaning-making process in which the discourse of body aesthetics is purposefully reconstructed.