The factors that lead to pollution and affect the health of the planet are multiple. Understanding this multicausality will result in the remediation of the damage caused by humans and collective well-being. This study aims to show that the irrational use of chemical products in agriculture has various negative health impacts on farmers. The factorial analysis with varimax rotation allowed the identification of three main components. The first component, explaining only 20% of the variance, encompassed three factors related to social domain, age and years of farmers working in the fields through long hours of strenuous labor. The second component related to toxicology, explained 37% of the variability. This component grouped eight variables with the highest factorial loadings associated to the perception of health status and risk associated to pesticide use. The third component explained 47% of the variability, with the highest factorial loading on the body mass index (BMI). Thus, exposure to pesticides is related to social aspects inherent to rural agricultural community whose livelihood depends on the land. Toxicological aspects also play a role, as farmers are often unaware of the harm caused by toxic products, leading them to neglect essential safety measures, such as using protective equipment, reading product labels, and using pesticides with toxicity levels Ia and Ib, resulting in a process of intoxication. Health-related aspects, in particular obesity is an important factor associated to the poisoning levels among the subjects. The findings highlight the need for better education and regulation to minimize the adverse effects of pesticide exposure.