Entrepreneurs are known to be passionate, innovative, and capable of overcoming adversity. They possess a high degree of open-mindedness, exceptional work capacity, and the flexibility to change direction as needed. One of Brazil’s most prominent entrepreneurs, Viscount de Mauá, exemplified these traits as an open-minded business person, extending his influence from the north to the south of Brazil, and even onto Uruguay, Argentina, and London. Indeed, the history of such outstanding Brazilian entrepreneurs continually inspires new generations of creators. After a brief introduction to this chapter on entrepreneurship and small and medium enterprises in Brazil, the following describes some characteristics of Brazilian entrepreneurs and how to do business in Brazil. This item is followed by three others considering supporting research and development institutions like Embrapa and Embrapii; incubators; and the unique S-System: SENAI, SENAC, SESC, SESI, SENAR, Sescoop, SEST, SENAT, and Sebrae. Another two items: the Brazilian financial system; virtual banks and fintechs in Brazil discuss the structure of the Brazilian financial market, and the last item of this chapter considers the extreme concentration of the banking sector.