This chapter explores the application of artificial intelligence (AI) in the public sector across Latin America through a systematic literature review using the PRISMA methodology. A search of the Scopus database with a cut-off date of the first quarter of 2024 identified 20 relevant studies. The findings indicate that AI technologies, such as machine learning, natural language processing, and big data, are increasingly applied in public policies, particularly in health, politics, security, education, and industry. While AI offers enhanced decision-making and resource optimization, challenges such as data privacy concerns, job displacement, and algorithmic biases persist. The limited quality of data and fragmented regulatory frameworks in some Latin American countries further complicate responsible AI adoption. Integrating scientific research like this is crucial for shaping informed public policies that balance technological innovation with ethical considerations and social equity. This underscores the need for interdisciplinary collaboration and robust regulation to maximize AI’s potential while mitigating its risks.