This study examines the U.S. response to the Anfal Genocide Campaign, a genocidal assault on the Kurdish population in Iraq from 1986 to 1988. By analyzing declassified documents, governmental communications, and secondary literature, this chapter evaluates the influence of geopolitical strategies, economic interests, and the imperative to contain Iranian influence on U.S. policy. The study reveals the ethical tensions inherent in prioritizing strategic goals over human rights concerns, highlighting the complexities and contradictions in U.S. foreign policy. These findings comprehensively assess how realpolitik often overshadowed moral imperatives during the Anfal Genocide Campaign.