Criminal protection for patents is important because it protects the rights of inventors and promotes innovation, investment in science and technology. Therefore, it supports the inventor and provides protection against piracy. This study looks at the developments and current challenges related to criminal protection of patents through technology. It also attempts to identify patent offenses and penalties under national law and international conventions. Additionally, it will identify the role of government departments and institutions in patent protection and identify current barriers as well as patterns and trends in patent protection. The conclusion will identify some feasible strategies to strengthen patent protection against crime and is expected to promote the development of this important sector.