This chapter discusses an extremely relevant contemporary problem: the presence of ISIS, the international terrorist organization, in Afghanistan. The emergence of ISIS in Afghanistan became an extraordinary phenomenon. In 2015, for the first time, this deadly and brutal group appeared outside the Arab world. However, I refute the theory, saying that this group has prospects to attach to Afghan territory. My hypothesis is based on the social factors that have become an obstacle for ISIS supporters in this country in the past and continue to be the same. Here, I put forward my alternative point of view, which is opposite to the opinions of many social scientists, who believe that ISIS has a chance to stay for long on the Afghan land. The study of modern Afghan society is impossible without considering the formation of the Republic in its past, and this is not such a distant epoch.