This chapter examines the first tenure of the Islamic Emirate of Afghanistan, which existed from 1996–2001. The author believes that this period has been studied in sufficient detail by many historians and social scientists. The chapter analyzes the bibliography in various languages regarding this historical period. The reasons why the Taliban, and no other numerous Mujahideen groups, managed to unite the Pashtuns and come to the fore are analyzed. The author notes the historical role of defections from the Afghan army and other irregular fighting groups. The second part of the chapter focuses on the social forces and practices of the Pashtuns of Afghanistan, namely the unwritten code of Pashtunwali. The author notes that this social force was and continues to be the main canon of practices of the Pashtun society. Pashtunwali also became one of the two pillars of the radical movement, which allowed them to achieve victory and create the Talibanland.