Extended Summary
摘要
The 20th century engineering was mainly based on the use of models for optimally designing components and systems. In general, these models consist of mathematical operators able to convey the input towards its associated output. To be more concrete, imagine for a while a deformable solid whose shape is modified under the action of a system of forces applying on its surface. Such deformation entails an internal mechanical state in the solid, at the origin of reversible or irreversible geometrical changes, for example those occurring in manufacturing processes, as for instance in stamping or forging, just to cite a few.