Since the world has experienced an imperative need of hydrocarbons in terms of utilization and enormous financial resources for investment, oil exploration and exploitation had become a critical position in terms of technology development and evolution of the profit. In this context, eminent efforts are being made by both research and industry to achieve more efficient drilling. The improvement of the drilling process performance is hinged on the optimization of the various drilling parameters. To assess drilling efficiency, the rate of penetration (ROP) is one of the important qualifiers of performance. The rate of penetration, also known as drill speed, is the speed at which a drill bit breaks through rock, to deepen the borehole. The current study aims to analysis the effects of different parameters such as the weight on the bit WOB, the speed of rotation RPM (revolution per minute), and the angle cutting β on the development of the rate of penetration ROP. To achieve this goal, we developed a test bench similar to a rotary drilling machine. This drill is specially designed to provide the necessary data for studying parameters. The response surface methodology RSM was adopted to analyze the obtained experimental data. The processing of the data obtained shows the good correlation between the predicted and experimental data. To understand the relation between the different drilling factors and the penetration rate, a mathematical model was developed. The application of the chosen method makes it possible to determine the optimum penetration rate which ensures more efficient drilling process. The results obtained show that the developed model well adjusted and very useful to correctly predicts the behavior of the rate of penetration (ROP).